The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has immense natural wealth. Political stability and good governance, including strong resources rights to local communities and sustainable investments, can galvanise sustainable development and enable the Congolese people to benefit from that wealth. This report highlights both key provisions and major challenges of natural resource legislation in the DRC. It suggests potential ways in which local communities, particularly marginalised populations, can play a prominent role in shaping inclusive, sustainable and equitable development.